Most of the state is an alluvial plain, bounded by mountains to the North. Due to the presence of a large number of rivers, most of the state has fertile land. Tributaries of the rivers Indus, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas and Ghaggar flow towards the southeast crossing the entire state. There are many sub-tributaries of these rivers that provide a base for the most extensive canal system in India.

Punjab has three major seasons - Hot weather from April to June when temperature rises as high as 44 degree Celsius; Rainy season from July to September when the state receives average rainfall between 96 cms in sub-mountain region and 46 cms in the plains; Cold weather from October to March when temperature goes down as low as 4 degree Celsius.